同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语水平全国统一考试大纲 一、指导思想
为了客观地测试以同等学力申请硕士学位人员(以下简称同等学力人员)的英语水平,保证学位授予质量,根据《国务院学位委员会关于授予具有研究生毕业同等学力人员硕士、博士学位的规定》(1998年6月18日通过)和国务院学位委员会办公室1994年下达的《关于在职人员以同等学力申请硕士学位外国语课程水平统一考试的通知》的精神和要求,结合具有同等学力的在职人员学习英语的特点,在总结近几年来统一考试试点经验的基础上,特制订本大纲。
研究生英语教学的目的,旨在使学生既具有较强的用英语获取信息的能力,又应具有一定的用英语传播信息的能力,这就要求考生具有较强的阅读能力和一定的听力理解能力,同时也必须具有一定的英语写作和翻译能力,从而使考生达到教学大纲所规定的各项要求,掌握和学会运用各种相应的知识技能和技巧。 二、评价目标
本考试重点是考察学生的听、读、写、译的能力。考生在词汇量、语法知识、阅读理解、听力理解和汉译英等方面应分别达到以下要求:
(一)词汇 应掌握5300个左右的英词汇和300个左右常用动词词组(见附录二和附录三)。对其中的2500个词要求熟练掌握,即能在语言交际、写作或翻译中准确运用;其余词语则要求能在阅读中识别和理解。认知120个左右常用词根和词缀,并能根据构词法识别派生词。
(二)语法知识 应掌握英语的全部基本语法结构和常用句型(见附录四),能正确理解用这些句型写成的句子,并能识别和改正一般的语法错误。
(三)阅读理解 能综合运用英语语言知识和阅读技能,具有语篇水平上的基本阅读理解能力,读懂一般性题材的英语文章及科技文献资料。要求能抓住大意和主要细节;既能理解上下文的逻辑关系,又能领会作者的意图和态度。阅读速度应达到每分钟80~100个词。
(四)听力理解 能听懂一般对话、简单的故事和演说,能抓住其中心思想和主要细节,能判断一般对话的情景场合、人物关系、身份及会话意图等。语速为每分钟120~140个词。
(五)汉译英 能把一般社会日常生活和科学常识性的句子或短文译成英语,文句通顺,用词基本正确,无重大语言错误。译速应达到每小时250~300个汉字。
(六)英语写作 应具有用英语书面表达思想的基本能力。所写文字要切合主题,意义连贯,标点正确,无重大语法错误。每小时能写出250~300个词的短文。 三、题型、题量、分值
本考试分试卷一和试卷二。试卷一以客观测试为住;试卷二以主观测试为主。试卷一包括听力理解、词汇选择、阅读理解和综合填空等四个部分,考试时间为95分钟。试卷二包括辨错与改错、汉译英和写作三个部分,或只包括其中两个部分,考试时间为60分钟。试卷一和试卷二共用150分钟完成。两卷满分共为100分。试卷一占总分的65%,试卷二占总分的35%;达到总分的60%为及格。试卷二达不到18分者,不论试卷一得分多少,均按不及格处理。
本考试每次考试的试卷都是不同题型的组合。每次考试命题在基本题型相对稳定的前提下(这里描写的题型不一定在每次考试中全部出现),任何一种题型的题量都可能有所变化;但这种变化限定于一定的范围之内,而不致于使某一种题型的权重过大或过小。 第一部分 听力理解
本部分共设15~20题,每题1分,考试时间为20~25分钟。该部分包括以下两种或三种题型:
A节包括5~10题,每题为一小段对话。要求考生在听完对话之后针对提问内容从所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。B节包括4~8题,内容为一般性交际会话、讲演、故事或论述等,每篇长度约为100~120个词,要求考生在听完每个题目之后的13~20秒钟内从所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。C节包括4~6题,内容为听一篇有关日常生活或科普性短文,长度约100~120个英文单词,听三遍,要求考生在未完成的句子空白处填上听到的词语或短语。录音材料的语速为每分钟120~140个词。 第二部分 词汇
本部分共设20~25题,每题0.5分。考试时间为10~15分钟。该项测试分为两节。A节10题,要求对单句中划有底横线的词进行替换选择,即从句后所给四个选择项中选出最佳替换词来。B节包括10~15题,内容为单句选择填空,要求考生根据句意选出最佳答案,填入空白处。词汇命题范围为本大纲所规定的5300个词汇之内。 第三部分 阅读理解
本部分共设25~35题,每题1分。考试时间为45~50分钟。阅读理解的短文为5~6篇,每篇300~400个词,要求考生在理解短文的基础上从每题的四个选择项中选出最佳答案。 第四部分 综合填空
本部分共设20题,每题0.5分。考试时间为10~15分钟。本题设两种题型。一种是在一篇难度适中的短文(约200~250个词)中设置20个空白,每个空白为一题,要求考生从所给出的四项选择中选出一个最佳答案;选择项可以是一个单词,也可以是短语。另一种是在一篇同样难度和长度的短文中设置20个空白,不给选择项,只在题前所设的方框中给出可供选择填入的20个单词或短语。 第五部分 辨错与改错
本部分共设10~15题,每题1分。考试时间为10~15分钟。题型为单句改错或短文改错。单句改错中,每题标出四个单词或短语,要求考生先找出其中的错误来,再进行改正。短文改错要求考生根据上下文辨认出错误,并改正错误。 第六部分 汉译英
本部分设单句翻译或短文翻译两种题型。共10分。考试时间为15~25分钟。单句翻译设5个单句;短文翻译为一篇长度约100~120个汉字的常识性短文。要求英文译文达意,文字通顺。 第七部分 英文写作
本部分设1题,15~20分,考试时间为25~30分钟。要求考生在规定的时间内,按照本题说明中的要求写出一篇约120~150个词的英语短文,形式可以为按所给提纲进行写作,或看图作文、描述图表、写文章内容提要等。 词汇表 本表涵盖了《同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语水平全国统一考试大纲》所规定的所有单词和词组,
其中标有“*”的单词是考生应该灵活掌握的积极词汇。
*a\ an *abandon ABC abide abide by *ability *able be able to abnormal aboard abolish *abortion *about *above above all *abroad absence absent be absent from absolute absorb be absorbed in abstract abundant *abuse *academic academy accelerate accelerator *accept acceptable acceptance *access have / gain access to accessible *accident accidental accommodate *accommodation *accompany accomplish accord accordance in accordance with accordingly according to account account for on account of on all accounts on no account take into account accountant accumulate accuracy accusation *accuse accuse … of accustom be accustomed to ache *achieve *achievement acid *acknowledge acquaint acquaintance *acquire acquisition acre *across *act *action *active activist *activity *actor *actress *actual *actually *acute A.D. *ad adapt adapt … to *add add (up) to addict be addicted to addiction *addition in addition to *additional *address adequate adhere adjust adjust to adjustment administer *administration admire admission *admit adolescence *adopt *adult *advance in advance advanced *advantage take advantage of *adventure adverse advertise advertisement *advice advisable *advise *adviser advocate aeroplane *affair *affect affection *afford *afraid be afraid of *Africa *African *after *afternoon *afterwards *again again and again now and again time and again *against *age *agency *agenda *agent aggression aggressive *ago agony *agree agree on / upon agree to agree with agreeable agreeable to *agreement agriculture *ahead *aid *aim *air by air aircraft airfield *airline airmail airplane *airport alarm *album *alcohol alert alike *alive *all above all after all all over in all *allegation allege alleged alley *alliance allied allocate *allow allow for allowance alloy *ally *almost *alone *along all along alongside aloud alphabet *already *also not only … but also alter alternate alternative *although altitude altogether aluminum *always a.m. amateur amaze *amazing ambassador ambition ambitious ambulance amend amendment *America *American amid among(st) amount amount to ampere amplify amplitude amuse analog(ue) analogy analyze *analysis in the final (last) analysis *analyst ancestor anchor *ancient *and *angel *anger angle *angry *animal ankle *anniversary *announce *announcement annoy *annual anonymous *another *answer answer for ant Antarctic antenna anticipate antique *anxiety anxious *any *anybody anyhow *anyone *anything anything but *anyway *anywhere *apart apart from *apartment apologize apology appalling apparatus *apparent *apparently *appeal appeal to *appear *appearance appendix appetite applause apple appliance *applicant *application *apply apply for apply to apply oneself to *appoint *appointment appraisal *appreciate *approach *appropriate *approval *approve approximate approximately *April arbitrary arch archaeology architect architecture archives arctic the Arctic *area *argue *argument *arise arithmetic *arm arm in arm *army *around all around arouse *arrange *arrangement array *arrest *arrival *arrive arrow *art artery *article artificial *artist artistic(al) *as as … as … as for / to as if / though ash ashamed *Asia *Asian *aside aside from *ask ask after ask for asleep *aspect aspirin *assault assemble assembly assert *assess *assessment *asset assign assignment assist *assistance *assistant *associate *association *assume assumption assurance *assure astonish astronaut astronomer astronomy asylum *at *athlete athletic Atlantic the Atlantic *atmosphere atom atomic *attach be attached to attachment *attach attain *attempt *attend attend to attendance *attention pay attention to *attitude attorney *attract attraction *attractive attribute attribute to auction *audience audio audit August aunt *Australian authentic *author *authority authorize automatic automatically automobile autonomy *autumn auxiliary *available avenue *average on (an, the) average aviation *avoid await awake *award *aware be aware of *away *awful awkward ax(e) axis *baby bachelor *back back and forth back up *background backup backward(s) bacon bacteria *bad *badly *bag baggage bail bake *baker *balance *ball ballet balloon ballot bamboo *ban banana *band bandage bandwidth bang *bank banker bankrupt banner *bar barber bare barely bargain bark barn barometer barrel barrier *base be based on / upon baseball basement *basic *basically basin *basis on the basis of basket basketball bat *bath bathe bathroom battery *battle *bay B.C *be *beach beam bean *bear1 *bear2 beard bearing beast *beat *beautiful *beauty *because become of *become *bed go to bed *bedroom bee beef *beer *before beg beggar *begin beginner *beginning behalf on behalf of behave *behavio(u)r *behind fall behind being *belief *believe believe in *bell belly *belong (to) beloved *below belt bench bend *beneath beneficial *benefit for the benefit of benefit from bent berry *beside besides best at best at one’s best do / try one’s best make the best of bet betray better be better off had better *between *beyond Bible bicycle *bid *big bike *bill *billion binary *bind biography biological biology bionics biotechnology *bird *birth by birth give birth to *birthday biscuit *bishop *bit a bit of bit by bit bite *bitter *black blackboard blade *blame blank blanket blast bleed *blend bless *blind *block *blood bloody bloom *blow *blue blueprint *board on board boast *boat *body boil boiler bold bolt *bomb bomber *bond *bone *bonus *book bookcase boom *boost *boot booth *border bore boring *born *borrow *boss *both both … and *bother *bottle *bottom bounce bound boundary bow *bowl *box boxing *boy *brain brake *branch *brand brass brave breach *bread breadth *break break away break down break into break off break out break through break up *breakfast breakthrough *breast *breath catch one’s breath hold one’s breath out of breath *breathe breed breeze brick bride bridegroom *bridge *brief in brief *bright brighten *brilliant *bring bring about bring forward bring up *British *broad broadcast brochure broker bronze brook *brother brow *brown browse brush brutal bubble bucket bud Buddha Buddhism *budget bug *build *building bulk *bull bullet bulletin bump bunch bundle burden bureau *burn burn out burn up burst burst into (tears / laughter) *bury *bus *bush *business *businessman bust *busy *but but for butcher butter butterfly *button *buy *by by air by railway (sea, plane, bus, truck) by and by *bye cab cabbage cabin *cabinet cable café cafeteria cage *cake calcium calculate calculator calendar *call call for call off call on call up calm calm down calorie camel *camera *camp *campaign campus *can1 *can2 Canadian canal cancel *cancer *candidate candle candy cannon canvas *cap capability *capable capable of capacitance capacitor *capacity *capital capitalism capsule *captain *caption *capture *car caravan carbon *card cardinal *care care about care for take care (of) *career *careful *carefully careless cargo carpenter carpet carriage carrier *carry carry on carry out cartoon carve *case1 in any case in case in case of *case2 *cash cassette *cast *castle casual casualty *cat *catalog(ue) *catch catch up with *category cater cathedral Catholic cattle *cause caution cautious cave cease ceiling *celebrate *celebration celebrity *cell Celsius cement cemetery *cent centigrade centimeter/-re *central center/-re *century *ceremony *certain *certainly *certificate *chain *chair *chairman *challenge champagne *champion *championship *chance by chance take a /the chance *chancellor *change *channel chaos *chapter *character characteristic characterize *charge in (the) charge of take charge of *charity charm *chart charter chase chat *cheap cheat *check1 check in check up *check2 cheek cheer cheer up cheerful *cheese chef *chemical chemist chemistry cherry chess *chest chew *chicken *chief child(ren) *childhood childish chilly chimney chin *China china *Chinese chip *chocolate *choice choke *choose chop chorus Christ *Christmas chronic(al) *church *cigarette *cinema *circle circuit circular circulate circulation *circumstance under / in no circumstances circus cite *citizen *city *civil civilian civilization /-sation civilize /-ise *claim clap clarify *clash *class *classic classical *classify classmate classroom clause claw clay *clean cleaner *clear clear away clear up clerk clever click *client cliff *climate climax *climb cling clinic clinical clip *clock *close cloth *clothe clothes clothing *cloud cloudy *club clue clumsy clutch *coach coarse *coast coat cocaine cocktail cocoa *code *coffee cognitive coil coin coincide coke cola *cold have / catch a cold collaborate *collapse collar *colleague *collect *collection collective *college collide colonel colonial colony *colo(u)r colorful *column comb combat *combination *combine *come come about come across come out come to come up come up with *comedy *comfort *comfortable comic commissioner *command *comment comment on commentary commentator commerce *commercial *commission commissioner *commit *commitment *committee *common in common commonwealth communicate communication communism *communist *community compact companion *company comparable comparative *compare to be compared with to be compared to comparison by comparison in comparison with *compass compatible *compel compensate *compensation *compete competence *competition competitor compile *complain *complaint complement *complete *complex complexion complexity *complicate comply component compose composer composition compound comprehensive compress comprise compromise compulsory compute *computer conceal concede conceive *concentrate concentration *concept *concern as far as … be concerned *concert concession *conclude *conclusion concrete *condemn condense *condition on condition that conditioner *conduct conductor *conference confess *confidence confidential confine *confirm *conflict confront be confronted with *confuse congratulate congratulation *congress conjunction *connect *connection conquer conscience *conscious consent consent to *consequence in consequence (of) consequently conservation *conservative *consider *considerable consideration take…into consideration consist consist in / of consistent consolidate conspiracy *constant constitute constitution construct consult consult (with)…about… *consultant consume *consumer consumption *contact be in / out of contact with *contain container contemplate *contemporary contempt *content1 *content2 contest *context continent continual *continue continuous *contract contradiction contrary contrary to on the contrary *contrast in contrast with *contribute contribute to control out of control under the control of *controversial controversy convenience at one’s convenience convenient *convention conventional *conversation conversion *convert convey convict conviction *convince be convinced of convince…of *cook *cool cooperate cooperation coordinate *cope cope with copper *copy copyright cord *core cork corn *corner *corporate *corporation *correct correspond correspond to / with *correspondent corridor cosmetic *cost at all costs at the cost of costly costume cottage *cotton couch *could *council council(l)or counsel *count count in count out *counter counterpart *country countryside *county *couple coupon courage *course in the course of of course *court courtesy cousin *cover cover up cover…with coverage cow cozy(cosy) crack *craft crane *crash crawl *crazy *cream *create *creative creature credible *credit creditor creek creep *crew *crime *criminal *crisis crisp criterion *critic *critical *criticism criticize/ise crocodile *crop *cross cross out *crowd crowded *crown *crucial crude cruel cruelty cruise crush *cry crystal cubic cue *culture *cup cupboard cure curiosity curious curl *currency *current curriculum curse curtain curve cushion custom *customer *cut cut across cut back cut down cut in cut off cut out cybernetics cyberspace *cycle cyclist cylinder *dad *daily dairy dam *damage damp *dance *danger in danger (of) *dangerous dare *dark in the dark dash *data database databank *date out of date up to date *daughter dawn at dawn *day all day (long) day and night day by day every other day one day some day the day after tomorrow the day before yesterday the other day *dead deadline deadly deaf *deal deal with a great / good deal of *dealer *dean dear *death *debate *debt *decade *decay deceive *December decent *decide decimal *decision decisive deck declaration *declare decline decode decorate decrease dedicate dedicate…to deed *deep *deeply deer *defeat defect defense(ce) *defend defendant *deficit *define definite definition defy *degree in some degree to a certain degree *delay delegate delegation delete deliberate delicate delicious *delight delightful *deliver *delivery delta *demand *democracy *democrat *democratic *demonstrate demonstration denial denounce *dense density dental dentist *deny depart *department *departure *depend depend on / upon dependent depict deploy deposit depress *depression deprive deprive…of *depth *deputy derive descend *describe *description *desert1 *desert2 *deserve *design designate desirable *desire *desk despair *desperate *despite dessert destination *destroy destruction *detail in detail detailed detain detect *detective detection deteriorate determination *determine devastate *develop *device devil devise *devote devote…to devotion diagnose diagnosis diagram dial dialect dialog(ue) diameter/-re diamond *dairy dictate dictation dictator dictionary *die die down die off die out diesel *diet be / go on a diet differ differ from *difference *different differentiate *difficult *difficulty *dig dig into dig out dig up digital dignity dilemma dim dimension diminish dine *dinner dioxide dip diplomat *diplomatic *direct *direction *directly *director directory dirt dirty disability disabled disagree disagree with … on / about *disappear disappoint *disappointment disapprove *disaster disc discharge discipline disclose *discount disco (=discotheque) discourage *discover discovery *discuss *disease disguise *dish dishonest *dismiss disorder *display disposal *dispute disrupt dissolve *distance at a distance in the distance keep a distance with distant distinct distinction distinguish distinguish from distinguished distort distract distress distribute *district disturb disturbance diverse diversity divert *divide divide into *dividend divine *division *divorce dizzy DNA *do do away with do one’s best have nothing to do with have something to do with dock *doctor doctrine *document documentary *dog doll *dollar dolphin *domestic dominant *dominate donate donkey donor *door doorway dormitory dose dot *double *doubt doubtful *down downstairs downward(s) *dozen draft *drag dragon drain *drama *dramatic *draw draw in draw up drawer drawing dreadful *dream *dress dress up drift drill drilling *drink drip *drive *driver *drop drop by / in drop out drought drown *drug drum drunk *dry dual duck *due due to *duke dull dumb dump duplicate durable *during dusk dust *duty be / go on duty be / come off duty dye dynamic *each each other eager eagle *ear early *earn earn one’s living earnest earnings *earth on earth earthquake ease *easily *east Easter *eastern eastwards *easy take it easy *eat echo ecology *economic economical economics *economy ecosystem *edge edit *edition *editor editorial educate *education *effect bring / come / go / put / take / into effect *effective efficiency efficient *effort e.g.(=for example) *egg *eight *eighteen eighth *eighty *either either…or… elaborate elbow elder elderly *elect *election *electric electrical electrician *electricity *electronic *electronics elegant *element elementary elephant elevator *eleven eligible eliminate elite *else or else *elsewhere Email embargo embark *embarrass *embassy embrace *emerge *emergency emigrate emission
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