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oracle里常用命令(2)
2005-11-15 17:25:11 来源:未知 |
第五章:约束
1.define constraints as immediate or deferred sql> alter session set constraint[s] = immediate/deferred/default; set constraint[s] constraint_name/all immediate/deferred;
2. sql> drop table table_name cascade constraints sql> drop tablespace tablespace_name including contents cascade constraints
3. define constraints while create a table sql> create table xay(id number(7) constraint xay_id primary key deferrable sql> using index storage(initial 100k next 100k) tablespace indx); primary key/unique/references table(column)/check
4.enable constraints sql> alter table xay enable novalidate constraint xay_id;
5.enable constraints sql> alter table xay enable validate constraint xay_id;
第六章:LOAD数据
1.loading data using direct_load insert sql> insert /*+append */ into emp nologging sql> select * from emp_old;
2.parallel direct-load insert sql> alter session enable parallel dml; sql> insert /*+parallel(emp,2) */ into emp nologging sql> select * from emp_old;
3.using sql*loader sql> sqlldr scott/tiger \
sql> control = ulcase6.ctl \ sql> log = ulcase6.log direct=true
第七章:reorganizing data
1.using expoty $exp scott/tiger tables(dept,emp) file=c:\emp.dmp log=exp.log compress=n direct=y
2.using import $imp scott/tiger tables(dept,emp) file=emp.dmp log=imp.log ignore=y
3.transporting a tablespace sql>alter tablespace sales_ts read only; $exp sys/.. file=xay.dmp transport_tablespace=y tablespace=sales_ts triggers=n constraints=n $copy datafile $imp sys/.. file=xay.dmp transport_tablespace=y datafiles=(/disk1/sles01.dbf,/disk2 /sles02.dbf) sql> alter tablespace sales_ts read write;
4.checking transport set sql> DBMS_tts.transport_set_check(ts_list =>’sales_ts’ ..,incl_constraints=>true); 在表transport_set_violations 中查看 s
ql> dbms_tts.isselfcontained 为true 是, 表示自包含
第八章: managing password security and resources
1.controlling account lock and password sql> alter user juncky identified by oracle account unlock;
2.user_provided password function sql> function_name(userid in varchar2(30),password in varchar2(30), old_password in varchar2(30)) return boolean
3.create a profile : password setting sql> create profile grace_5 limit failed_login_attempts 3 sql> password_lock_time unlimited password_life_time 30 sql>password_reuse_time 30 password_verify_function verify_function sql> password_grace_time 5;
4.altering a profile sql> alter profile default failed_login_attempts 3 sql> password_life_time 60 password_grace_time 10;
5.drop a profile sql> drop profile grace_5 [cascade];
6.create a profile : resource limit sql> create profile developer_prof limit sessions_per_user 2 sql> cpu_per_session 10000 idle_time 60 connect_time 480;
7. view => resource_cost : alter resource cost dba_Users,dba_profiles
8. enable resource limits sql> alter system set resource_limit=true;
第九章:Managing users
1.create a user: database authentication sql> create user juncky identified by oracle default tablespace users sql> temporary tablespace temp quota 10m on data password expire sql> [account lock|unlock] [profile profilename|default];
2.change user quota on tablespace sql> alter user juncky quota 0 on users;
3.drop a user sql> drop user juncky [cascade];
4. monitor user view: dba_users , dba_ts_quotas
第十章:managing privileges
1.system privileges: view => system_privilege_map ,dba_sys_privs,session_privs
2.grant system privilege sql> grant create session,create table to managers; sql> grant create session to scott with admin option; with admin option can grant or revoke privilege from any user or role;
3.sysdba and sysoper privileges: sysoper: startup,shutdown,alter database open|mount,alter database backup controlfile, alter tablespace begin/end backup,recover database alter database archivelog,restricted session sysdba: sysoper privileges with admin option,create database,recover database until
4.password file members: view:=> v$pwfile_users
5.O7_dictionary_accessibility =true restriction access to view or tables in other schema
6.revoke system privilege sql> revoke create table from karen; sql> revoke create session from scott;
7.grant object privilege sql> grant execute on dbms_pipe to public; sql> grant update(first_name,salary) on employee to karen with grant option;
8.display object
privilege : view => dba_tab_privs, dba_col_privs
9.revoke object privilege sql> revoke execute on dbms_pipe from scott [cascade constraints];
10.audit record view :=> sys.aud$
11. protecting the audit trail sql> audit delete on sys.aud$ by access;
12.statement auditing sql> audit user;
13.privilege auditing sql> audit select any table by summit by access;
14.schema object auditing sql> audit lock on summit.employee by access whenever successful;
15.view audit option : view=> all_def_audit_opts,dba_stmt_audit_opts,dba_priv_audit_opts,dba_obj_audit_opts
16.view audit result: view=> dba_audit_trail,dba_audit_exists,dba_audit_object,dba_audit_session,dba_audit_statement
第十一章: manager role
1.create roles sql> create role sales_clerk; sql> create role hr_clerk identified by bonus; sql> create role hr_manager identified externally;
2.modify role sql> alter role sales_clerk identified by commission; sql> alter role hr_clerk identified externally; sql> alter role hr_manager not identified;
3.assigning roles sql> grant sales_clerk to scott; sql> grant hr_clerk to hr_manager; sql> grant hr_manager to scott with admin option;
4.establish default role sql> alter user scott default role hr_clerk,sales_clerk; sql> alter user scott default role all; sql> alter user scott default role all except hr_clerk; sql> alter user scott default role none;
5.enable and disable roles sql> set role hr_clerk; sql> set role sales_clerk identified by commission; sql> set role all except sales_clerk; sql> set role none;
6.remove role from user sql> revoke sales_clerk from scott; sql> revoke hr_manager from public;
7.remove role sql> drop role hr_manager;
8.display role information view: =>dba_roles,dba_role_privs,role_role_privs,dba_sys_privs,role_sys_privs,role_tab_privs,session_roles
第十二章: BACKUP and RECOVERY
1. v$sga,v$instance,v$process,v$bgprocess,v$database,v$datafile,v$sgastat
2. Rman need set dbwr_IO_slaves or backup_tape_IO_slaves and large_pool_size
3. Monitoring Parallel Rollback > v$fast_start_servers , v$fast_start_transactions
4.perform a closed database backup (noarchivelog) > shutdown immediate > cp files /backup/ > startup
5.restore to a different location > connect system/manager as sysdba > startup mount > alter database rename file ’/disk1/../user.dbf’ to ’/disk2/../user.dbf’; > alter database open;
6.recover syntax --recover a mounted database >recover database; >recover datafile ’/disk1/data/df2.dbf’; >alter database
recover database; --recover an opened database >recover tablespace user_data; >recover datafile 2; >alter database recover datafile 2;
7.how to apply redo log files automatically >set autorecovery on >recover automatic datafile 4;
8.complete recovery: --method 1(mounted databae) >copy c:\backup\user.dbf c:\oradata\user.dbf >startup mount >recover datafile ’c:\oradata\user.dbf; >alter database open; --method 2(opened database,initially opened,not system or rollback datafile) >copy c:\backup\user.dbf c:\oradata\user.dbf (alter tablespace offline) >recover datafile ’c:\oradata\user.dbf’ or >recover tablespace user_data; >alter database datafile ’c:\oradata\user.dbf’ online or >alter tablespace user_data online; --method 3(opened database,initially closed not system or rollback datafile) >startup mount >alter database datafile ’c:\oradata\user.dbf’ offline; >alter database open >copy c:\backup\user.dbf d:\oradata\user.dbf >alter database rename file ’c:\oradata\user.dbf’ to ’d:\oradata\user.dbf’ >recover datafile ’e:\oradata\user.dbf’ or recover tablespace user_data; >alter tablespace user_data online; --method 4(loss of data file with no backup and have all archive log) >alter tablespace user_data offline immediate; >alter database create datafile ’d:\oradata\user.dbf’ as ’c:\oradata\user.dbf’’ >recover tablespace user_data; >alter tablespace user_data online 5.perform an open database backup > alter tablespace user_data begin backup; > copy files /backup/ > alter database datafile ’/c:/../data.dbf’ end backup; > alter system switch logfile; 6.backup a control file > alter database backup controlfile to ’control1.bkp’; > alter database backup controlfile to trace; 7.recovery (noarchivelog mode) > shutdown abort > cp files > startup 8.recovery of file in backup mode >alter database datafile 2 end backup;
9.clearing redo log file >alter database clear unarchived logfile group 1; >alter database clear unarchived logfile group 1 unrecoverable datafile;
10.redo log recovery >alter database add logfile group 3 ’c:\oradata\redo03.log’ size 1000k; >alter database drop logfile group 1; >alter database open; or >cp c:\oradata\redo02.log’ c:\oradata\redo01.log >alter database clear logfile ’c:\oradata\log01.log’; |
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