第六节 介 词（05-2~06-3）
考试大纲要求：
1、常用介词及其词义；
2、介词与某些动词、形容词、名词的固定搭配；
3、介词短语及其用法。
介词在句子中不能独立充当一个成分，往往和后面的宾语共同构成句子的成分。介词与名词、形容词、动词有着固定的搭配。
常用介词用法：
1. across（穿过）
My mother lives across the street.
I came across him yesterday. （come across偶然遇到）
The post office is just across the street.
2. after（在……之后）
The children went to bed after saying good night to their parents.
Who will look after your baby while youre away？
（look after 照看，照料，take care of）
The girl is named after her mother.
（name after 以……命名）
Rewrite the sentences after the model. （模仿，仿照）
3. against（反对）
What you are doing is against the rule.
We are against the proposal. （be against 反对）
Nobody has got anything against you.
4. along（沿着）
They walked along Nanjing Road.
There is a cinema along the street.
Im getting along/ on well with my classmates.
5. around（围绕）
We all drew up closely around him.
The guide showed us around the city.
（show sb. around 领某人参观）
6. at（在……）
Lets meet at the station.
She was at a conference.
The committee is to meet at the weekend.
He joined up at eighteen.（join up 参军）
What are you laughing at？ （laugh at 嘲笑）
Lets have a look at the picture. （have a look at 看一看）
My mother was surprised at the news.（be surprised at 吃惊）
He is good at mathematics.（be good at 擅长）
He is good at drawing.
7. before（在……之前）
Dont put the cart before the horse. 不要本末倒置。
Pride comes before a fall. 骄傲就会摔跤。
Before starting the work， we had a discussion.
Before long， the war broke out. （break out 爆发）
I bought the book the day before yesterday.
8. besides （除…之外还）
There are six students in the classroom besides me.
Besides fun and good exercise， swimming is a very useful skill.
9. between（在……之间）
Come between ten and eleven oclock.
They dont know the difference between wheat and oats.
（among 用于三者或三者以上）
Whats the difference between them？
10. beyond（在……之外）
The lake is beyond that mountain.
Dont go beyond the city boundary. （go beyond 超过）
Its expensive and beyond our reach.
The city is beyond recognition. （beyond recognition 面目全非）
The problem is too difficult. Its beyond me.
This is inevitable and beyond all doubts. 这是必然的，毫无疑义的。
11. but （（除…之外）
Who but a fool would do such a thing？
I have nothing but a book in my hand.
Im the last but one to get here.
12.by（经过）
She passed by me without saying goodbye to me.
The woman is standing by the door.
By the time we got to the station， the train had left.
By the end of the year， we have trained 400 people.
I came here by taxi. （by bus， by plane， by ship， on foot）
The girl isnt an actress by profession. （actor 男演员）
Whats the time by your watch？
This novel is written by Charles Dickens.
Consumer goods production will go up by 6 % this year.
I met him by chance yesterday. （by chance 偶尔碰到）
We all have to abide by the rules. （abide by 遵守）
By the way， where is the teacher？ （by the way 顺便说一下）
In order to pass the exam， we have to learn the texts by heart.
At the age of ten she began to live by herself.（by oneself 独自）
13. except （除去）
None of us have seen the film except my sister.
He comes to school every day except Saturday.
She is alone in the world except for her mother.
14. for（为了）
After supper I always go out for a walk.
（go out for a walk 散步）
Thank you for spending so much time listening to me explain.
Thank you for spending so much time listening to my explanation.
Forgive me for being late. （表原因）
Im sorry for what has happened.
The coat is for sale. （for sale 出售）
This is a book for you.
Whenever she is in trouble， shell turn to her parents for help.
（be in trouble 处在困难之中 turn to 向某人求助）
We left Beijing for Shanghai last week. （leave…for… 动身去）
I have studied English for three years.
I sold the flat for 100，000 yuan.
（flat，apartment 公寓，house 别墅，room 房间）
How much do you pay for the coat？ （pay for 付款）
Its hard for me to get rid of all the rats. （get rid of 消灭，消除）
Im looking for my book.
find（找到）： Im looking for my book， but I cant find it.
I do this all for your good. （for ones good 为了某人好）
Who are you waiting for？ （wait for 等待）
They do this for the sake of their mother.
（for the sake of 因为）
15. from（来自……）
Weve learnt a lot from our teacher.
They are busy from morning to night.（from……to…… 从……到……）
The letter is from your parents.
I have been away from home for a long time.
（be away from home 离开家）
（be from 来自） Im from China.
The film we saw yesterday was different from the novel.
（be different from 与……不同，differ from）
The wine is made from the best grapes.
make from 化学变化
make of 物理变化 The desk is made of wood.
make sth. up 由……组成
Animal bodies are made up of cells.
Society is made up of people of widely differing abilities.
make with sth. 迅速拿出或提供某物
Make with the beers， buster. 伙计，拿啤酒来。
make for 为……做……
She made coffee for all of us.
Millions of people are suffering from the war.（suffer from 遭受）
He is weak from lack of sleep. （lack of 缺乏）
I disagree with them from the beginning.
（disagree with 不同意 agree with 同意）
I try to prevent them from doing the work， but in vain.
（prevent sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事）
（in vain 毫无作用，徒劳）
The situation is getting from bad to worse.
The guest is talking from beginning to the end.
16. in（在……里）
She was born in 1980.
Well be back in three days.
（ He came back three days ago.）
Do you work in the daytime or at night？
Well be back in no time. （in no time 立刻，马上）
He is in his early thirties. （in ones thirties 三十多岁）
He is always in a good mood.
（in a good mood 情绪很好 in a bad mood 情绪很糟）
I have no difficulty/ trouble in solving the problem.
（no difficulty in doing sth. 没有困难）
Did you have any difficulty in finding the hotel？
Can you write in English？
They have done it in a wrong way. （in a wrong way 错误的方式）
They accepted the plan in principle. （in principle 原则上）
17. into（进入）
Lets go into the room.
I worked far into the night.
The house has been turned into a museum.（turn into 变成）
We must put these theories into practice.
They all burst into laughter. （burst into 爆发）
At the news， my sister burst into tears.
（burst into tears 放声大哭）
I ran into my former classmate at the station. We havent seen each other for a long time.
（run into 偶然碰到，偶然遇到）
18. like（像……）
He likes its mother. 他喜欢他的母亲。
The baby looks like its mother.
It looks like snow.
Whats the weather like today？
I dont feel like eating anything.
What does it look（taste） like？
19. of（……的）
He is a friend of mine.
Have you got the Complete Works of Lu Hsun？
Were of the same opinion. （be of 赞同）
Electricity is of great use in industry and everyday life.
（be of use=be useful）
Your help is of great value to us.
（be of value=be valuable）
I often think of the days we spent together. （think of 想起）
I read it quite by chance in a magazine. （by chance 偶然）
Its very kind of you to remind me of it.
（Its very kind of sb.
remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事）
The picture reminds me of the time we spent together in Dalian.
Were proud of our son. （be proud of 以……为骄傲）
The little boy is afraid of dogs. （be afraid of 害怕）
Its just waste of time.
He is ashamed of his past. （be ashamed of 羞耻，惭愧）
The village is short of water. （be short of 缺少）
I do all these of my own will. （of ones own 出于某人的意愿）
20. on（在……上）
You hit the nail on the head. 你这话击中了要害。
Put the book on the shelf， please.
My mother was born on April 14， 1947.
（哪一年用in，具体到某一天用on）
He left Beijing for home on the morning of July 2.
（in the morning ，具体到某一天的上午、下午、晚上用on ）
On the eve of their departure， they gave a farewell banquet.
（on the eve of 在……前夕）
We usually get up late on Sunday morning.
On his return he told us about the meeting.
They will go on a visit to Asia. （go on a visit=visit ）
He is here on business. （be on business 做生意）
She is away on a trip. （on a trip 旅行）
The workers at the airport is on strike. （be on strike 罢工）
When we came back， we found our house on fire.
（on fire 着火）
The professor is making a speech on the current situation.（关于）
This house is on sale. （on sale 出售）
Whos on duty today？
The girl insists on leaving home and depends on herself for a living.
（insist on 坚持 depend on 依靠，依赖）
21. out of（出于）
Looking out of the window， I saw a girl turn round the corner.
They came out of the room to welcome us.
My brother has been out of the hospital for a week.
（be out of the hospital 出院 be in hospital 住院）
He did it out of gratitude for us.
We helped the poor boy out of sympathy.
Please get out of the way. 别挡道。
All of us were out of breath when we got to the top of the mountain.
（be out of breath 气喘吁吁）
The coat is out of date. （be out of date 过时）
My mother is out of work now. （be out of work 失业）
22. since（自从）
They have been close friends since childhood.（从儿童时期他们就是好朋友）
Weve always been on guard since then.（be on guard 警惕）
I got to know him last year， and have been writing to each
other since then.
23. through（通过、穿过）
There is a path through the garden.
Ive gone through the book.（go through 看过 浏览过）
She must have been through a lot.（be through 受罪）
We quickly saw through his trick.（see through 看穿）
How soon will you be through？ （be through 打电话）
Youre through now.你的电话接通了。
He began to look through the album.（look through 翻阅）
The couple went through many hardships.（go through 经历）
Shes ill all through September.
24. to
All roads lead to Rome.
Did you go to the exhibition last week？
Well change the date to July 10.（to 到什么时间）
Lets drink to your health.（drink to 为什么干杯）
Dont leave things to the last moment.（to the last moment 到最后一刻）
I must apologize to you.
Happy Christmas！ The same to you.
Youre awfully nice to me.
Hainan lies to the south of Guangdong.（lie on， lie in ）
To our surprise， she gave up the opportunity.（to ones
suuprise 使某人感到惊奇 give up 放弃）
The final score is 3：5 in our favor.
To our surprise， everything in the room is in good order.（be in good order 秩序井然）
25. under（在……的下面）
Some girls are singing under the trees.
The road is under repair.（be under repair 正在修理）
From here， we can see the bridge under construction.
Scientists believe that they will get weather under control
some day.（under control 在控制之中）
The proposal is now under discussion.（proposal 提案）
The unpopular mayor is under constant attack in the newspapers.
26. with（和……）
Who was that with you？ 你刚才和谁在一起？
Our teacher is strict with us.（be strict with sb. 对某人严格要求）
My father is always patient with me.（be patient with 对某人有耐心）
Were satisfied with our work.（be satisfied with 对……满意）
She is discussing the idea with her tutor.
Were familiar with each other.（be famililar with 熟悉 similiar to 相似）
Her eyes were filled with tears.（be filled with 充满）
Hes in bed with flu.
The ground was covered with snow.
The street is crowded with people.（be crowed with 拥挤）
He wanted to kill two birds with one stone.（ 一举两得）
The girl greeted me with a smile.
The young man with glasses over there is my brother.
Whats the matter with you？
I found the place with great difficulty.（with great difficulty费很大劲）
Its hot outside. He was working there with only a T-shirt on.
The girl was sitting in a chair with her hands folded.
介词考试重点：
除了要掌握介词与动词、名词、形容词的固定搭配外，还需牢记一个基本点即，介词后面接的是宾语，因此跟在其后面的主要是代词、名词或动名词及其词组，间或是宾语从句。
①Im looking forward ____ you tomorrow.
A.to see B. to seeing C. seeing D. see
look forward to doing
答案B
②I always arrive at the office in time， but _______ the heavy rain， Im one hour late this morning.
A.because B. because of C. as D. since
because、as、since接句子
答案B
③This weekly schedule will make you more aware of how you spend your time.
aware of意识到
④Ill speak to him about it.
speak to sb. 对某人谈话
典型例题：
1. When the taxi came I put out my head， but it just went ______ me without stopping.
A. off B. over C. through D. past
put out my head（伸出头）
go out（下车）
go over （复习）
go through （碾过去）
past （经过）
答案 D
2. His ears are highly sensitive ________ any unusual sound in the machine.
A. of B. on C. to D. by
sensitive to （对……敏感）
答案 C
3. He might have been killed _______ the arrival of the police.
A. except for B. but for C. with D. for
except for （除了）
but for （要不是）
with （和……在一起）
for （因为）
except for： 除了……之外 The road was empty except for a few cars.
but for： 倘无，要不是， 表虚拟语气。But for the doctors skill， he would have died.
But for the rain， we should have had a very pleasant journey.
答案 B
4. Japan is __________ the east of China.
A. at B in C. over D. to
答案 D
5. Try some of this tobacco. Youll say its second ______ none.
A. of B. with C. to D. but
second to none=as good as the best （不亚于任何人或事物）
As a dancer， she is second to none.
答案 C
6. He sold his car _________ $2，000 .
A. for B. over C. in D. by
答案 A
7. “Wasnt John supposed to be here by now？”
“Dont worry. Hell be here _______ twenty minutes.”
A. by at least B. around C. at nearly D. in about
答案 D
8. “Could you find an answer to your problem in the book I gave you？”
“I looked at it ， but it wasnt really _______.”
A. much used B. able to use C. of usefulness D. of much use
to ……的答案 key to my room（我屋子的钥匙）
be of use=be useful
答案 D
9. “Are you done with the book I gave you？”
“Not quite. Ive read all ______ the last chapter.”
A. but B. until C. just D. yet
but 除了
until 直到
just 刚好
yet 还没有
but=except
but： 主要与no one ， none， nothing， nobody等否定词用；who， where， what等疑问词；all， everyone， everything， anyone， anything， 及everywhere等连用。
Who but George would do such a thing？
Isnt there anything but mountains？
except+句子；except for+n.
except+n. 时主要与no one ， none， nothing， nobody等否定词用；all， everyone， everything， anyone， anything， 及everywhere等连用。不与who，where，what等疑问词连用
答案 A
10. I agree with him ________ ， but not entirely.
A. until a certain point B. to some point
C. to some extent D. until a certain extent
to some extent（在某种程度上）
答案 C
11. My parents are not interested in modern music. They are _______ the times.
A. before B. behind C. after D. against
答案 B
12. Im rather anxious _______ her ， for I havent heard from her for a long time.
A. toward B. about C. in D. over
be anxious about
hear from sb.（收到某人来信）
答案 B
13. Who is responsible _______ the arrangements？
A. for make B. to make C. to making D. for making
be responsible for
答案 D
14. “Edward was terribly impolite to Miss Smith.”
“Yes， he should be ________ himself.”
A. sorry for B. sorry about
C. ashamed with D. ashamed of
be impolite to sb（对某人没有礼貌）
ashame of（感到羞愧）
be sorry for/about sth. 自责 Arent you sorry for/ about what youve done？
be/feel sorry for sb.
（1） 同情 I feel sorry for anyone who has to drive in this bad weather？
（2）对某人有些不赞成，怜悯某人 If he doesnt realize the consequences of his actions， Im sorry for him.
答案 D
15. I am disappointed with the new officers elected in our club， but there is no point ______ about it.
A. complain B. in complaining C. for us complain D. with us to complain
no point in doing sth.
point：价值 Theres not much point in complaining， they never take any notice.
答案 B
16. To say that someones work is not good is to find fault ______ it .
A. of B. with C. for D. on
find fault with（对……找缺点）
答案 B
17. The airport is five miles ________ .
A. away from here B. far from here
C. far away from here D. from here away
away from （离……远）
答案 A
18. Tom has been _______ the telephone for two hours.
A. on B in C. at D. for
be on the telephone 接电话
答案 A
19. _______ fun and exercise， swimming is a very useful skill.
A. Beside B. Besides C. Except for D. But for
beside（在……旁边）
besides（除了）
except for（除了）
but for（要不是）
Three others went there besides me.
Everyone went there except me.
答案 B
20. _______ the heavy snow last night， none of the classes have been cancelled at the university.
A. Despite of B. In spite of C. In spite D. Despite with
in spite of=despite（尽管）
答案 B
21. The movie we saw last night was very different _______ the novel.
A. of B. to C. from D. with
be different from
答案 C
22. I prefer writing a term paper _______ taking an examination.
A. than B. to C. for D. rather than
prefer to
prefer+n.to+n.
I prefer coffee to tea.
prefer+doing to+ doing
答案 B
23. The picture reminds me _______ the time we spent together in New York.
A. of B. in C. for D. to
remind sb. of sth.
答案 A 24. From here we can see the bridge _______ construction.
A. below B. by C. under D. with
under construction：在建设中
The new railway is still under construction.
答案 C |
