二、成分省略
    语言有个节省性原则。成分省略，主要是为了避免重复。一般的成分省略多为主语省略和谓语省略。这种省略属于语法省略。但考研中一般是语用省略，也就是说是为了某中具体的表达目的而采取的省略。成分省略一般和从句相结合，一正一反，使句子变得富有变化和难于把握。但省略句也有一些出现频率很高，因此需要熟记。

背诵例句：
It is quite unevering not to be able to see or to establish contact with the others ,even though we have learnt to talk with people we can not see, as on the telephone.
译文：即使我们适应了打电话这种看不见对方的交谈方式，这种看不见也触摸不到对方的对话还是让人感到很不自在。

To American, being on ones’s own means that one is a fulling dependent functioning part of the whole capable and willing to make choices.
译文：对美国人来说，个人的自立就是指这个人在集体中完全独立并且又能发挥作用。他有能力而且也愿意作出自己的选择。

In their hearts, women think it is men’s business to earn money and theirs to spend it—if possible during their hunsband’s live, but, at any rate, after his death.
译文：女人们从心底认为：挣钱是男人的事情，女人只管话花钱——可能的话丈夫在世时就花；不行的话，那就在丈夫去世后再花。

4．I can’t accept this fact because I know that if I wasn’t able to avoid a mistake, chances were that no other surgeon could have either.
译文：我可以接受这个事实，因为我明白如果我都不能避免出错，那么其他的外科大夫出错也就难免了。

5. With strong will, men can move mountain and fill seas.—and have.
译文：凭借坚强的意志，人类能够移山填海。而事实上人类已经做到。

6．The war finally came to an end ,but not before hundreds of thousands of people had died.
译文：战争终于结束，但却是在千万人在战争中丧生之后才结束。

    三、使用插入语
    插入语，是因为分裂了句子的结构而得名的，所以，这个术语主要是从语法功能角度出发提出的，对语法形式没有多大考虑。插入语一般是主谓结构或者介宾结构。使用插入语主要是为了调整语气和增加补充信息，并且更主要目的是为了平衡句子结构，避免头重脚轻。插入语是主谓结构，一般都是“sb say/reason/suggest”这种格式，阅读问题不大，翻译时要提到句首。插入语是介宾结构也是如此处理。定语从句和分词做定语时，如果是插在主谓结构之间也可以看作是插入语。考研翻译中出现最多的插入语是用破折号插入的新话题或者补充信息。这种插入标志很明显，只是翻译处理会有些棘手。另外，因为一些句子成分（一般是定语）过长而出现后置，也可看作是插入现象。只不过这种插入只是句子原有成分间的位子变化，没有新增成分。

背诵例句：
1．Science moves forward , they say ,not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools.
译文：他们说，科学的进步与其说源于天才伟人的真知灼见，不如说源于诸如改进的技术 和工具等更为普通的东西。

Those，unaware of what is happening in society today may be surprised to learn that few academic philosophers study death, happiness and so on.
译文：那些人不了解当今社会发生的事情，所以发现现在的哲学家很少研究死亡和幸福之类的东西时会感到奇怪。

3.Most experts see in this a paradox -- an endless conflict between the desire to conform and the desire to remain apart.
译文：大多数专家都从中看到一种矛盾，即从众的欲望和试图与众不同的欲望之间的绵延不断的冲突。.

4．Even being good at getting other people to fight for you and telling them how to do it most efficiently—this, after all, is what conquerors and generals have done --is not being civilized.
译文：即使善于驱使别人去为自己打仗，并且告诉他们怎样打才最有效——这毕竟是征服者和将军们干过的事——也不能称其为文明行为。

5．Demonstrations are being staged in the town. where opposition is mounting to the construction of a  nuclear waste storage plant near the river.
译文：这个城市不断发生示威游行，而且这种反对在河边建造核废料储存厂的呼声日高涨。

    四、改变语序
    改变语序，一般指倒装。倒装分为语法倒装和修辞倒装。考研难点一般在修辞倒装。修辞倒装主要是为了强调，一种是强调句子的表达重心，一种是强调一种表达语气，比如命令语气，假设语气（虚拟语气的倒装属于此类）疑问语气和否定语气。这些倒装常和一些连词或者副词（如nor/so/only/never/until等）密切相关。下文所举例子基本是从这个角度出发选择出来的。

背诵例句：
1．So involved with the book do the boy become that his mother often have to force him to break.
译文：那男孩对这本书如此着迷，以至于他的母亲不得不总强迫他停下。

2．Only after studies provided evidence of the harmful effects of this program, has it been possible to modify TV programming policies.
译文：除非研究提供证据表明这个节目有不良影响，否则电视节目的播放政策不会改变。

3．Lonely was seeing his son only once a month since the divorce.
译文：离婚后，他每月只能看儿子一次。这使他感到孤独。

4．Scientists do not know exactly how the virus damages the immune system, nor do they understand why the natural antibodies developed to destroy the virus are ineffective.
译文：科学家们迄今未能确定这种病毒破坏免疫系统的机理，他们也不明白旨在破坏这种病毒的天然抗体为什么无效。

5．And never before has it been so undeniable that mutually beneficial international institutions of cooperation are a vital global necessity.
译文：过去人们从来没有这么坚信各国互利的国际合作机构是全球不可或缺的要素。

6．The material destruction of the war was not so great but that it could by this time have been repaired, had a good peace been made without delay.
译文：假若当时立即恢复了和平，战争在物质方面的破坏无论怎样大，到一也能够得到修复了。

7．He wrote a novel, and no sooner did he have the synopsis of a story ,but he would invite a crowd of his friends outdoors and read it aloud to them.
译文：他写小说时刚刚构思出剧情轮廓就赶紧邀请一群朋友到野外，然后把剧情梗概大声地念给他们听。